Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pepa graphite, ma ke ʻano he -ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe, ma nā kula e like me ka metallurgy, ka ʻenekinia kemika, semiconductors, a me ka ikehu hou. Hoʻopili pololei kāna koho waiwai i ka hilinaʻi o nā mea hana, ke ola, a me ka pono o ka hana. Pono ke koho ʻepekema i ka noʻonoʻo piha ʻana i nā kumu he nui, e like me ka conductivity thermal, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ka ikaika mechanical, a me ke kumukūʻai.
Based on substrate type, graphite sheet is primarily categorized into three types: natural graphite, artificial graphite, and composite graphite. Natural graphite has a high purity (typically >95%) a me ka conductivity thermal maikaʻi loa, akā haʻahaʻa ka ikaika mechanical. He kūpono ia no nā noi conductivity thermal me nā koi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e like me nā pad electrode no nā umu uila. Kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, hana ʻia ma ke kaʻina kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui (1.8–2.2 g/cm³) a me ka ikaika compressive (a hiki i 30 MPa). Hāʻawi pū ia i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (hiki ke hoʻohana lōʻihi -ma nā mahana a hiki i 3000 degere), e lilo ia i koho maikaʻi no nā linings reactor a me nā papa insulation i loko o ka -hoʻokahi kapuahi ulu silikoni. ʻO ka graphite composite, ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻoikaika e like me ke kalapona kalapona a me ka pauka metala, e hoʻonui i ke kaupaona ʻana i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, e hōʻike ana i kāna hana koʻikoʻi i nā waʻa graphite no ka ʻoihana photovoltaic a me nā lako etching semiconductor.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka microstructure o ka mea. Kiʻi -maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (maʻiʻo lehu<20 ppm) effectively avoids contamination from metal impurities and is suitable for high-temperature load platforms in semiconductor manufacturing. Isotropic graphite, through isostatic pressing, ensures uniform three-dimensional properties, making it particularly suitable for heat dissipation components in precision molds. For highly corrosive environments (such as hydrofluoric acid and molten alkali), modified graphite sheets impregnated with resin or metal coatings are used, which can improve permeability by 3–5 times.
E pili ana i ka ʻoihana waiwai, hoʻokahi wale nō-kolu o ka graphite i kaomi isostatically maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻopōkole ʻia kona ola ma mua o 40%. Ma ka hana ʻenekinia, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi hoʻolālā "koho mea i kālai ʻia."
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, pono ke koho ʻana i nā mea papa graphite ma muli o nā koi o ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka hiʻohiʻona noiʻi, e ʻimi ana i ke koena kūpono ma waena o ka conductivity thermal, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ka ikaika mechanical a me ke kumukūʻai, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pono ʻenekinia ma o nā waiwai waiwai.
